Amounts - grammar

a cup of tea, a bottle of beer, a kilo of cheese, a box of chocolates, lots of presents, a bottle of oil

in all of these, the word for “of” is de or the shortened form d’

une tasse de thé
une bouteille de bière
un kilo de fromage
une boîte de chocolates
beaucoup de cadeaux
une bouteille d'huile

This is quite straightforward and the same as English.
QUiA exercise here

Confusion occurs because of the Partitive (du, de la, de l’ and des)
je voudrais du thé I would like tea or I would like some tea
il y a de la bière there is (some) beer
tu veux du fromage? do you want (some) cheese?
il y a des chocolats there are (some) chocolates
j’ais reçu des cadeaux I got (some)presents

Note that de (d’) is a different entity to the Partitive (du, de la, de l’ and des)

The same set (du, de la, de l’ and des)can also mean “of the” or “from the”
le sommet de la colline the top of the hill
le coin de la rue the corner of the street
le mari de la femme the husband of the woman the woman’s husband
une lettre de la Mairie a letter from the Town Hall